Протективные эффекты препарата нуклеотидной природы “Деринат” на течение и клеточные механизмы черепно-мозговой травмы в эксперименте

Черепно-мозговая травма является наиболее частой причиной смерти и инвалидности среди молодых людей, включая спортсменов и солдат, людей в возрасте до 45 лет в промышленно развитых странах, и представляет растущую проблему со здоровьем как в развивающихся странах, так и среди стареющих людей, лечение которых является серьезной проблемой современной медицины. Этот вид травм приводит ко многим видам расстройств и очень часто к инвалидности, что обуславливает необходимость разработки новых методов лечения травм головного мозга. В экспериментах на мышах изучали новый метод лечения травм головного мозга, в частности использовали натриевую соль дезоксирибонуклеиновой кислоты. Этот препарат известен как смесь пептидов с иммуномодулирующим действием, который широко используется для лечения воспалительных, аллергических и аутоаллергических процессов. Натриевая соль дезоксирибонуклеиновой кислоты (DNA) (Деринат), выделенная из икры русского осетра, является препаратом, эффективность применения которого  показана при лечении различных заболеваний. В настоящей работе показаны нейропротекторные, антиоксидантные и противовоспалительные эффекты «Дерината» на модели черепно-мозговой травмы (ЧМТ) у крыс. Внутрибрюшинная инъекция «Дерината» в течение 3 дней после ЧМТ снижает объем повреждения ткани мозга. Иммуногистохимический анализ позволил констатировать морфологические изменения клеток микроглии в коре головного мозга и гиппокампе через 7 дней после ЧМТ, которые значительно снижались при введении препарата, как и индуцированное ЧМТ накопление 8-оксогуанина (8-oxoG) – маркера окислительного повреждения. Для изучения клеточного механизма противовоспалительных эффектов использовали первичную культивированную мышиную микроглию с АТФ (50 мкм и 1 мм) в качестве вещества, высвобождающегося в месте повреждения, для имитации воспалительной реакции in vitro. Введение «Дерината» обуславливало повышение количества мРНК нейротрофического фактора глиальных клеток (GDNF) и фактора роста нервов (NGF) в присутствии АТФ, а уровень мРНК активатора тканевого плазминогена (tPA) снижался при действии АТФ в сочетании с «Деринатом» или без него. Хотя экспрессия мРНК интерлейкина-6 (IL6) не изменялась при действии АТФ, она возрастала при аппликации «Дерината». Те же показатели фактора-α некроза опухоли (TNFα) были значительно ингибированы. Комплекс полученных данных раскрывает механизмы иммуномодулирующего действия дезоксирибонуклеиновых кислот при ЧМТ.

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